<html><head><base href="x-msg://1374/"></head><body style="word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; -webkit-line-break: after-white-space; "><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: separate; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: auto; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 0px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-decorations-in-effect: none; -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: separate; -webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 0px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 0px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; -webkit-text-decorations-in-effect: none; text-indent: 0px; -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; text-transform: none; orphans: 2; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; "><div style="word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; -webkit-line-break: after-white-space; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: separate; -webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 0px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 0px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; -webkit-text-decorations-in-effect: none; text-indent: 0px; -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; text-transform: none; orphans: 2; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: separate; -webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 0px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 0px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; -webkit-text-decorations-in-effect: none; text-indent: 0px; -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; text-transform: none; orphans: 2; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: separate; -webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 0px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 0px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; -webkit-text-decorations-in-effect: none; text-indent: 0px; -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; text-transform: none; orphans: 2; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: separate; -webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 0px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 0px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; -webkit-text-decorations-in-effect: none; text-indent: 0px; -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; text-transform: none; orphans: 2; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: separate; -webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 0px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 0px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; -webkit-text-decorations-in-effect: none; text-indent: 0px; -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; text-transform: none; orphans: 2; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: separate; -webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 0px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 0px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; -webkit-text-decorations-in-effect: none; text-indent: 0px; -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; text-transform: none; orphans: 2; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: separate; -webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 0px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 0px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; -webkit-text-decorations-in-effect: none; text-indent: 0px; -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; text-transform: none; orphans: 2; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: separate; -webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 0px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 0px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; -webkit-text-decorations-in-effect: none; text-indent: 0px; -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; text-transform: none; orphans: 2; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; "><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium; ">On 11 Jan 2010, at 23:09, Randy Coleburn wrote:</span></div></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></div></span></span></div><div><br class="Apple-interchange-newline"><blockquote type="cite"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: separate; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 0px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-decorations-in-effect: none; -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; "><div lang="EN-US" link="blue" vlink="purple" style="word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; -webkit-line-break: after-white-space; "><div class="Section1"><div style="margin-top: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0in; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; "><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: rgb(31, 73, 125); ">Tony:<o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="margin-top: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0in; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; "><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: rgb(31, 73, 125); "><o:p> </o:p></span></div><div style="margin-top: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0in; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; "><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: rgb(31, 73, 125); ">I’m sorry, I missed the fact that you changed the type to “Integer” vs. “INTEGER” and defined “Integer” to be “INTEGER” or “LONGINT”.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="margin-top: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0in; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; "><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: rgb(31, 73, 125); "><o:p> </o:p></span></div><div style="margin-top: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0in; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; "><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: rgb(31, 73, 125); ">I agree that with your changes everything is in order now, even though I would prefer different names. <span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><b>Nevertheless, I can be “happy” with this state of affairs.<o:p></o:p></b></span></div><div style="margin-top: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0in; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; "><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: rgb(31, 73, 125); "><o:p> </o:p></span></div><div style="margin-top: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0in; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; "><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: rgb(31, 73, 125); ">I am confused though by your last set of statements, namely:<o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="margin-top: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0.5in; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; "><o:p> </o:p></div><div style="margin-top: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0.5in; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; ">>I don't think we need to do this, assuming you understand what I have said above.<o:p></o:p></div><div style="margin-top: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0.5in; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; ">><o:p> </o:p></div><div style="margin-top: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0.5in; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; ">>ORD(x: INTEGER): LONGINT<o:p></o:p></div><div style="margin-top: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0.5in; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; ">>ORD(x: LONGINT): INTEGER<o:p></o:p></div><div style="margin-top: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0.5in; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; ">>ORD(x: Enumeration): INTEGER<o:p></o:p></div><div style="margin-top: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0.5in; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; ">>ORD(x: Subrange): Base(Subrange)<o:p></o:p></div><div style="margin-top: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0.5in; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; ">><o:p> </o:p></div><div style="margin-top: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0.5in; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; ">>ORD(n) = VAL(n, T) = n if n is an integer of type T = INTEGER or T = LONGINT.<o:p></o:p></div><div style="margin-top: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0in; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; "><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: rgb(31, 73, 125); "><o:p> </o:p></span></div><div style="margin-top: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0in; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; "><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: rgb(31, 73, 125); ">Didn’t you mean:<o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="margin-top: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0in; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; "><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: rgb(31, 73, 125); "> ORD(x:INTEGER):<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><b>INTEGER</b><o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="margin-top: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0in; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; "><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: rgb(31, 73, 125); "> ORD(x:LONGINT):<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><b>LONGINT</b></span></div></div></div></span></blockquote><div><br></div><div>Sorry, yes. Cut/paste error.</div><br><blockquote type="cite"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: separate; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 0px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-decorations-in-effect: none; -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; "><div lang="EN-US" link="blue" vlink="purple" style="word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; -webkit-line-break: after-white-space; "><div class="Section1"><div style="margin-top: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0in; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; "><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: rgb(31, 73, 125); "><o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="margin-top: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0in; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; "><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: rgb(31, 73, 125); "><o:p> Also, in case anyone is interested, the current HEAD fails to compile the following packages on Windows Vista:</o:p></span></div><div style="margin-top: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0in; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; text-indent: 0.5in; "><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: rgb(31, 73, 125); ">"m3-libs\m3core"<o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="margin-top: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0in; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; text-indent: 0.5in; "><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: rgb(31, 73, 125); ">"m3-libs\libm3"<o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="margin-top: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0in; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; text-indent: 0.5in; "><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: rgb(31, 73, 125); ">"m3-tools\m3tk"<o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="margin-top: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0in; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; "><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: rgb(31, 73, 125); ">So some recent changes have caused a problem.</span></div></div></div></span></blockquote><div><br></div><div>Did you bootstrap a new compiler? You will need to bootstrap a compiler before you can compile the revised ORD/VAL definitions.</div><br><blockquote type="cite"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: separate; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 0px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-decorations-in-effect: none; -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; "><div lang="EN-US" link="blue" vlink="purple" style="word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; -webkit-line-break: after-white-space; "><div class="Section1"><div style="margin-top: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0in; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; "><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: rgb(31, 73, 125); "><o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="margin-top: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0in; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; "><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: rgb(31, 73, 125); "><o:p> </o:p></span></div><div style="margin-top: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0in; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; "><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: rgb(31, 73, 125); ">Regards,<o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="margin-top: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0in; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; "><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: rgb(31, 73, 125); ">Randy<o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="margin-top: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0in; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; "><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: rgb(31, 73, 125); "><o:p> </o:p></span></div><div><div style="border-right-style: none; border-bottom-style: none; border-left-style: none; border-width: initial; border-color: initial; border-top-style: solid; border-top-color: rgb(181, 196, 223); border-top-width: 1pt; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0in; padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; "><div style="margin-top: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0.5in; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; "><b><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif; ">From:</span></b><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif; "><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>Tony Hosking [mailto:hosking@cs.purdue.edu]<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><br><b>Sent:</b><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>Monday, January 11, 2010 10:40 PM<br><b>To:</b><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>Randy Coleburn<br><b>Cc:</b><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>m3devel<br><b>Subject:</b><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>Re: [M3devel] the LONGINT proposal<o:p></o:p></span></div></div></div><div style="margin-top: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0.5in; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; "><o:p> </o:p></div><div><div><div><div style="margin-top: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0.5in; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; "><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-size: 13.5pt; font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif; color: black; ">On 11 Jan 2010, at 22:11, Randy Coleburn wrote:</span></span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif; color: black; "><o:p></o:p></span></div></div></div></div><div><div style="margin-top: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0.5in; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; "><br><br><o:p></o:p></div><div><div><div><div style="margin-top: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0.5in; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; "><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: rgb(31, 73, 125); ">Tony et al:</span><o:p></o:p></div></div><div><div style="margin-top: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0.5in; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; "><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: rgb(31, 73, 125); "> </span><o:p></o:p></div></div><div><div style="margin-top: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0.5in; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; "><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: rgb(31, 73, 125); ">Yes, I think I am supporting the “status quo”, which seems to be Rodney’s proposal, minus mixed arithmetic and checked assignability; plus my discomfort with ORD/VAL as you state. (See discussion below to the end for more on this “discomfort” and the problem I see with converting from LONGINT to INTEGER.)</span><o:p></o:p></div></div><div><div style="margin-top: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0.5in; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; "><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: rgb(31, 73, 125); "> </span><o:p></o:p></div></div><div><div style="margin-top: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0.5in; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; "><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: rgb(31, 73, 125); ">When I said we don’t know the range of LONGINT, I meant that in the context of documenting the language we weren’t specifying this range; rather it is implementation-defined. Indeed, yes you must be able to do FIRST(LONGINT) and LAST(LONGINT) at runtime to determine the actual range.</span><o:p></o:p></div></div><div><div style="margin-top: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0.5in; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; "><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: rgb(31, 73, 125); "> </span><o:p></o:p></div></div><div><div style="margin-top: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0.5in; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; "><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: rgb(31, 73, 125); ">Tony you stated in your response that the 2<sup>nd</sup><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>parameter (the type) of VAL is optional. I was not aware that this parameter can be defaulted. Where is this stated in the language spec?</span><o:p></o:p></div></div></div></div><div><div style="margin-top: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0.5in; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; "><o:p> </o:p></div></div><div><div style="margin-top: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0.5in; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; ">Sorry, my error. I realised after writing that I had mis-spoken.<o:p></o:p></div></div><div style="margin-top: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0.5in; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; "><br><br><o:p></o:p></div><div><div><div><div style="margin-top: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0.5in; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; "><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: rgb(31, 73, 125); "> I’ve only scanned your HTML reference briefly, but it seems to me that even there it still says that ORD/VAL convert between <b><u>enumerations</u></b> and INTEGERs, not LONGINTs.</span><o:p></o:p></div></div></div></div><div><div style="margin-top: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0.5in; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; "><o:p> </o:p></div></div><div><div style="margin-top: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0.5in; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; ">That wording is exactly the same as it has always been. Here is the diff from the original specification (before LONGINT):<o:p></o:p></div></div><div><div style="margin-top: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0.5in; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; "><o:p> </o:p></div></div><div><div><div style="margin-top: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0.5in; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; ">55,56c55,56<o:p></o:p></div></div><div><div style="margin-top: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0.5in; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; ">< <span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Courier; ">ORD (element: Ordinal): INTEGER</span></span><o:p></o:p></div></div><div><div style="margin-top: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0.5in; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; ">< <span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Courier; ">VAL (i: INTEGER; T: OrdinalType): T</span></span><o:p></o:p></div></div><div><div style="margin-top: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0.5in; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; ">---<o:p></o:p></div></div><div><div style="margin-top: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0.5in; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; ">> <span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Courier; ">ORD (element: Ordinal): Integer</span></span><o:p></o:p></div></div><div><div style="margin-top: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0.5in; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; ">> <span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Courier; ">VAL (i: Integer; T: OrdinalType): T</span></span><o:p></o:p></div></div><div><div style="margin-top: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0.5in; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; ">74c74<o:p></o:p></div></div><div><div style="margin-top: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0.5in; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; ">< If<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Courier; ">n</span></span> is an integer,<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Courier; ">ORD(n) = VAL(n, INTEGER) = n</span></span>.<o:p></o:p></div></div><div><div style="margin-top: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0.5in; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; ">---<o:p></o:p></div></div><div><div style="margin-top: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0.5in; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; ">> If<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Courier; ">n</span></span> is an integer of type<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Courier; ">T</span></span>,<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Courier; ">ORD(n) = VAL(n, T) = n</span></span>.<o:p></o:p></div></div><div><div style="margin-top: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0.5in; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; "><o:p> </o:p></div></div></div><div><div style="margin-top: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0.5in; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; ">Notice that all that I have changed is to allow ORD to return INTEGER or LONGINT, depending on the type of the element. And VAL simply takes an INTEGER or LONGINT and converts to an Ordinal type T.<o:p></o:p></div></div><div style="margin-top: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0.5in; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; "><br><br><o:p></o:p></div><div><div><div><div style="margin-top: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0.5in; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; "><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: rgb(31, 73, 125); "> Are we going to allow LONGINT to be an enumeration? If so, then why not go full bore and just make INTEGER a subrange of LONGINT? (I don’t favor this.)</span><o:p></o:p></div></div></div></div><div><div style="margin-top: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0.5in; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; "><o:p> </o:p></div></div><div><div style="margin-top: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0.5in; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; ">No, enumerations map only onto INTEGER.<o:p></o:p></div></div><div style="margin-top: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0.5in; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; "><br><br><o:p></o:p></div><div><div><div><div style="margin-top: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0.5in; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; "><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-size: 11.5pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: rgb(31, 73, 125); ">Alternately, if you want to use ORD/VAL for the LONGINT conversions, could we at least change 2.2.1 to say that ORD/VAL convert between <b><u>ordinal types</u></b>, since enumerations are defined as an ordinal type and LONGINT falls into the category of an ordinal type, but not an enumeration type? Indeed, the syntax definition of ORD/VAL seem to bear out this fact even though the text references “enumerations” (see 4<sup>th</sup> major paragraph in 2.2.1, “The operators ORD and VAL convert between …”).</span></span><o:p></o:p></div></div></div></div><div><div style="margin-top: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0.5in; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; "><o:p> </o:p></div></div><div><div style="margin-top: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0.5in; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; ">I don't want to make wholesale changes to the reference that were not there in the first place. ORD applied to and INTEGER has always been the identity operation.<o:p></o:p></div></div><div style="margin-top: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0.5in; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; "><br><br><o:p></o:p></div><div><div><div><div style="margin-top: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0.5in; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; "><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: rgb(31, 73, 125); "> The syntax of ORD/VAL is:</span><o:p></o:p></div></div><div><div style="margin-top: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0.5in; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; text-indent: 0.5in; "><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: rgb(31, 73, 125); ">ORD (element:<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><b>Ordinal</b>): Integer</span><o:p></o:p></div></div><div><div style="margin-top: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0.5in; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; text-indent: 0.5in; "><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: rgb(31, 73, 125); ">VAL (i: Integer; T:<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><b>OrdinalType</b>): T</span><o:p></o:p></div></div><div><div style="margin-top: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0.5in; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; "><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: rgb(31, 73, 125); ">and, if n is a integer of type T, ORD(n) = VAL(n, T) = n.</span><o:p></o:p></div></div><div><div style="margin-top: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0.5in; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; "><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: rgb(31, 73, 125); "> </span><o:p></o:p></div></div><div><div style="margin-top: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0.5in; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; "><b><span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: rgb(31, 73, 125); ">BTW: I think the above identity should say that n is a<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><u>non-negative</u><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>integer!</span></b><o:p></o:p></div></div></div></div><div><div style="margin-top: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0.5in; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; "><o:p> </o:p></div></div><div><div style="margin-top: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0.5in; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; ">Huh? No, that is not the case. It is only non-negative for enumerations which count from 0.<o:p></o:p></div></div><div style="margin-top: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0.5in; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; "><br><br><o:p></o:p></div><div><div><div><div style="margin-top: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0.5in; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; "><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: rgb(31, 73, 125); "> So, using these, you propose one would write</span><o:p></o:p></div></div><div><div style="margin-top: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0.5in; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; "><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: rgb(31, 73, 125); "> longInt := VAL(int, LONGINT);</span><o:p></o:p></div></div><div><div style="margin-top: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0.5in; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; "><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: rgb(31, 73, 125); "> int := ORD(longInt)</span><o:p></o:p></div></div></div></div><div><div style="margin-top: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0.5in; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; "><o:p> </o:p></div></div><div><div style="margin-top: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0.5in; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; ">No,<o:p></o:p></div></div><div><div style="margin-top: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0.5in; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; "><o:p> </o:p></div></div><div><div style="margin-top: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0.5in; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; ">longint := VAL(integer, LONGINT)<o:p></o:p></div></div><div><div style="margin-top: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0.5in; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; ">integer := VAL(longint, INTEGER)<o:p></o:p></div></div><div><div style="margin-top: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0.5in; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; ">int := ORD(int)<o:p></o:p></div></div><div><div style="margin-top: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0.5in; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; ">longint := ORD(longint)<o:p></o:p></div></div><div style="margin-top: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0.5in; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; "><br><br><o:p></o:p></div><div><div><div><div style="margin-top: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0.5in; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; "><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: rgb(31, 73, 125); ">then, the identity doesn’t exactly match up unless you allow ORD(longInt) to return a LONGINT, but then if you do that the signature of ORD must be dependent on its argument type (either INTEGER or LONGINT; note that enumerations and INTEGER subranges also yield type INTEGER). </span><o:p></o:p></div></div></div></div><div><div style="margin-top: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0.5in; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; "><o:p> </o:p></div></div><div><div style="margin-top: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0.5in; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; ">This captures the identities precisely, which is why I reverted to the original formulation.<o:p></o:p></div></div><div style="margin-top: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0.5in; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; "><br><br><o:p></o:p></div><div><div><div><div style="margin-top: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0.5in; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; "><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: rgb(31, 73, 125); ">Therefore, in the case of argument LONGINT, the type of the LHS of ORD must be a LONGINT; and the LHS type must be INTEGER when the argument is INTEGER, unless you allow checked assignability, in which case why do you need ORD in the first place?</span><o:p></o:p></div></div><div><div style="margin-top: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0.5in; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; "><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: rgb(31, 73, 125); "> </span><o:p></o:p></div></div><div><div style="margin-top: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0.5in; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; "><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: rgb(31, 73, 125); ">IMO, ORD/VAL make more sense in the case of enumerations. For example:</span><o:p></o:p></div></div><div><div style="margin-top: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0.5in; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; "><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: rgb(31, 73, 125); "> Color = (Red, Blue, Green);</span><o:p></o:p></div></div><div><div style="margin-top: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0.5in; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; "><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: rgb(31, 73, 125); "> ORD(Color.Blue) = 1</span><o:p></o:p></div></div><div><div style="margin-top: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0.5in; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; "><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: rgb(31, 73, 125); "> VAL(1, Color) = Color.Blue</span><o:p></o:p></div></div><div><div style="margin-top: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0.5in; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; "><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: rgb(31, 73, 125); ">(Note that the identity doesn’t apply here since n isn’t an integer when applied to ORD, or to the result of VAL.)</span><o:p></o:p></div></div></div></div><div><div style="margin-top: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0.5in; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; "><o:p> </o:p></div></div><div><div style="margin-top: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0.5in; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; ">Yes, of course, ORD/VAL are there to allow mapping of enumerations to INTEGER. But, for general consistency any integer can have ORD applied to it, and any integer can be mapped to its own type.<o:p></o:p></div></div><div style="margin-top: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0.5in; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; "><br><br><o:p></o:p></div><div><div><div><div style="margin-top: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0.5in; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; "><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: rgb(31, 73, 125); "> I think I saw later in one of the commit messages or replies to Jay that you propose to drop use of ORD with LONGINT and just use VAL, as in:</span><o:p></o:p></div></div><div><div style="margin-top: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0.5in; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; "><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: rgb(31, 73, 125); "> longInt := VAL(int, LONGINT);</span><o:p></o:p></div></div><div><div style="margin-top: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0.5in; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; "><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: rgb(31, 73, 125); "> int := VAL(longInt, INTEGER);</span><o:p></o:p></div></div></div></div><div><div style="margin-top: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0.5in; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; "><o:p> </o:p></div></div><div><div style="margin-top: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0.5in; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; ">That is what is now implemented.<o:p></o:p></div></div><div style="margin-top: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0.5in; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; "><br><br><o:p></o:p></div><div><div><div><div style="margin-top: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0.5in; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; "><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: rgb(31, 73, 125); ">but the second form would violate the signature of VAL, which requires an INTEGER as the first argument.</span><o:p></o:p></div></div></div></div><div><div style="margin-top: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0.5in; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; "><o:p> </o:p></div></div><div><div style="margin-top: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0.5in; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; ">No, notice that VAL takes an Integer which can be INTEGER or LONGINT typed.<o:p></o:p></div></div><div style="margin-top: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0.5in; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; "><br><br><o:p></o:p></div><div><div><div><div style="margin-top: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0.5in; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; "><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: rgb(31, 73, 125); "> <span class="apple-style-span">I guess my heartburn with using ORD/VAL for LONGINT conversions stems from fact that before LONGINT, enumerations, subranges, and INTEGER all had the same maximum range and NELSON states that ORD/VAL are for conversions between enumerations (aka ordinals) and integers. Note that NELSON uses lowercase “integers” (should really be “non-negative integers”) so I guess this could mean all non-negative integers, whether representable as INTEGER or LONGINT, but then there was no LONGINT when NELSON’s book came out. </span></span><span class="apple-style-span"><b><span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: rgb(31, 73, 125); ">Also, before LONGINT, ORD could not cause a checked runtime error.</span></b></span><o:p></o:p></div></div></div></div><div><div style="margin-top: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0.5in; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; "><o:p> </o:p></div></div><div><div style="margin-top: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0.5in; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; ">ORD now can never cause a checked runtime error, just as with Nelson.<o:p></o:p></div></div><div style="margin-top: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0.5in; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; "><br><br><o:p></o:p></div><div><div><div><div style="margin-top: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0.5in; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; "><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: rgb(31, 73, 125); "> </span><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: rgb(31, 73, 125); ">So, at this point, to summarize, I think you are advocating:</span></span><o:p></o:p></div></div><div style="margin-left: 0.5in; "><div style="margin-top: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0.5in; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; text-indent: -0.25in; "><span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: rgb(31, 73, 125); ">1.</span><span style="font-size: 7pt; color: rgb(31, 73, 125); "> <span class="apple-converted-space"> </span></span><span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: rgb(31, 73, 125); ">Distinct types INTEGER and LONGINT.</span><o:p></o:p></div></div><div style="margin-left: 0.5in; "><div style="margin-top: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0.5in; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; text-indent: -0.25in; "><span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: rgb(31, 73, 125); ">2.</span><span style="font-size: 7pt; color: rgb(31, 73, 125); "> <span class="apple-converted-space"> </span></span><span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: rgb(31, 73, 125); ">LONGINT is an ordinal type, but cannot be used as the index type for an array.</span><o:p></o:p></div></div><div style="margin-left: 0.5in; "><div style="margin-top: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0.5in; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; text-indent: -0.25in; "><span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: rgb(31, 73, 125); ">3.</span><span style="font-size: 7pt; color: rgb(31, 73, 125); "> <span class="apple-converted-space"> </span></span><span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: rgb(31, 73, 125); ">Enumerations are still constrained to no more than NUMBER(CARDINAL) total values, i.e., (LAST(INTEGER)+1).</span><o:p></o:p></div></div></div></div><blockquote style="margin-top: 5pt; margin-bottom: 5pt; "><div><div><div style="margin-left: 0.5in; "><div style="margin-top: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0.5in; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; text-indent: -0.25in; "><span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: rgb(31, 73, 125); ">4.</span><span style="font-size: 7pt; color: rgb(31, 73, 125); "> <span class="apple-converted-space"> </span></span><span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: rgb(31, 73, 125); ">No mixed arithmetic between INTEGER and LONGINT; require explicit conversions.</span><o:p></o:p></div></div><div style="margin-left: 0.5in; "><div style="margin-top: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0.5in; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; text-indent: -0.25in; "><span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: rgb(31, 73, 125); ">5.</span><span style="font-size: 7pt; color: rgb(31, 73, 125); "> <span class="apple-converted-space"> </span></span><span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: rgb(31, 73, 125); ">No mixed comparisons between INTEGER and LONGINT; require explicit conversions.</span><o:p></o:p></div></div><div style="margin-left: 0.5in; "><div style="margin-top: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0.5in; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; text-indent: -0.25in; "><span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: rgb(31, 73, 125); ">6.</span><span style="font-size: 7pt; color: rgb(31, 73, 125); "> <span class="apple-converted-space"> </span></span><span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: rgb(31, 73, 125); ">Allow VAL to convert INTEGER to LONGINT.</span><o:p></o:p></div></div></div></div></blockquote><blockquote style="margin-top: 5pt; margin-bottom: 5pt; "><div><div><div><div style="margin-top: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0.5in; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; "><span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: rgb(31, 73, 125); "> </span><o:p></o:p></div></div><div><div style="margin-top: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0.5in; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; "><span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: rgb(31, 73, 125); ">Am I correct so far?</span><o:p></o:p></div></div></div></div></blockquote><div><div style="margin-top: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0.5in; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; "><o:p> </o:p></div></div><div><div style="margin-top: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0.5in; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; ">Yes, correct. This is what is now implemented in the CVS head.<o:p></o:p></div></div><div style="margin-top: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0.5in; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; "><br><br><o:p></o:p></div><div><div><div><div style="margin-top: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0.5in; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; "><span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: rgb(31, 73, 125); "> Now, what to do about converting from LONGINT to INTEGER?</span><o:p></o:p></div></div><div style="margin-left: 0.5in; "><div style="margin-top: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0.5in; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; text-indent: -0.25in; "><span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: rgb(31, 73, 125); ">a.</span><span style="font-size: 7pt; color: rgb(31, 73, 125); "> <span class="apple-converted-space"> </span></span><span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: rgb(31, 73, 125); ">Originally, ORD was proposed along with use of a checked runtime error if the value of the LONGINT didn’t fit into an INTEGER. But, then the result type signature of ORD (i.e., INTEGER) doesn’t preserve the identity ORD(n) = VAL(n, T) = n when T is LONGINT. To allow this, you would have to make the result type of ORD dependent on the parameter type passed to ORD.</span><o:p></o:p></div></div></div></div><div><div style="margin-top: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0.5in; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; "><o:p> </o:p></div></div><div><div style="margin-top: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0.5in; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; ">See above.<o:p></o:p></div></div><div style="margin-top: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0.5in; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; "><br><br><o:p></o:p></div><div><div><div style="margin-left: 0.5in; "><div style="margin-top: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0.5in; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; text-indent: -0.25in; "><span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: rgb(31, 73, 125); ">b.</span><span style="font-size: 7pt; color: rgb(31, 73, 125); "> <span class="apple-converted-space"> </span></span><span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: rgb(31, 73, 125); ">Provide an overloaded form of VAL with a different signature that allows for int := VAL(longInt, INTEGER). I think this is somewhat confusing in terms of the original definition of VAL as an inverse of ORD.</span><o:p></o:p></div></div></div></div><div><div style="margin-top: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0.5in; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; "><o:p> </o:p></div></div><div><div style="margin-top: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0.5in; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; ">See above.<o:p></o:p></div></div><div><div style="margin-top: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0.5in; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; "><o:p> </o:p></div></div><blockquote style="margin-top: 5pt; margin-bottom: 5pt; "><div><div><div style="margin-left: 0.5in; "><div style="margin-top: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0.5in; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; text-indent: -0.25in; "><span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: rgb(31, 73, 125); ">c.</span><span style="font-size: 7pt; color: rgb(31, 73, 125); "> <span class="apple-converted-space"> </span></span><span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: rgb(31, 73, 125); ">Allow for checked assignability, e.g., int := longInt; but then this to me starts us on the slippery slope where one eventually argues for mixed arithmetic.</span><o:p></o:p></div></div></div></div></blockquote><div><div style="margin-top: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0.5in; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; "><o:p> </o:p></div></div><div><div style="margin-top: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0.5in; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; ">No assignability!<o:p></o:p></div></div><div style="margin-top: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0.5in; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; "><br><br><o:p></o:p></div><div><div><div style="margin-left: 0.5in; "><div style="margin-top: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0.5in; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; text-indent: -0.25in; "><span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: rgb(31, 73, 125); ">d.</span><span style="font-size: 7pt; color: rgb(31, 73, 125); "> <span class="apple-converted-space"> </span></span><span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: rgb(31, 73, 125); ">Come up with differently named operators (different from ORD/VAL). These would have the benefit of requiring only one parameter, whereas VAL requires two, and would prevent any confusion with the defined use of ORD/VAL as conversion inverses for enumerations and integers. <span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><b>This is my preferred option.</b></span><o:p></o:p></div></div></div></div><div><div style="margin-top: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0.5in; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; "><o:p> </o:p></div></div><div><div style="margin-top: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0.5in; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; ">I don't think we need to do this, assuming you understand what I have said above.<o:p></o:p></div></div><div><div style="margin-top: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0.5in; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; "><o:p> </o:p></div></div><div><div style="margin-top: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0.5in; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; ">ORD(x: INTEGER): LONGINT<o:p></o:p></div></div><div><div style="margin-top: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0.5in; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; ">ORD(x: LONGINT): INTEGER<o:p></o:p></div></div><div><div style="margin-top: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0.5in; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; ">ORD(x: Enumeration): INTEGER<o:p></o:p></div></div><div><div style="margin-top: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0.5in; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; ">ORD(x: Subrange): Base(Subrange)<o:p></o:p></div></div><div><div style="margin-top: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0.5in; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; "><o:p> </o:p></div></div><div><div style="margin-top: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0.5in; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; ">ORD(n) = VAL(n, T) = n if n is an integer of type T = INTEGER or T = LONGINT.<o:p></o:p></div></div><div><div style="margin-top: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0.5in; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; "><o:p> </o:p></div></div><blockquote style="margin-top: 5pt; margin-bottom: 5pt; "><div><div><div style="margin-left: 0.5in; "><div style="margin-top: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0.5in; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; text-indent: -0.25in; "><span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: rgb(31, 73, 125); ">e.</span><span style="font-size: 7pt; color: rgb(31, 73, 125); "> <span class="apple-converted-space"> </span></span><span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: rgb(31, 73, 125); ">Any other ideas?</span><o:p></o:p></div></div></div></div></blockquote><div><div style="margin-top: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0.5in; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; "><o:p> </o:p></div></div><div><div style="margin-top: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0.5in; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; ">I think we are done...<o:p></o:p></div></div><div style="margin-top: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0.5in; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; "><br><br><o:p></o:p></div><div><div><div><div style="margin-top: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0.5in; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; "><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: rgb(31, 73, 125); "> </span><o:p></o:p></div></div><div><div style="margin-top: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0.5in; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; "><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: rgb(31, 73, 125); ">Regards,</span><o:p></o:p></div></div><div><div style="margin-top: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0.5in; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; "><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: rgb(31, 73, 125); ">Randy</span><o:p></o:p></div></div><div><div style="margin-top: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0.5in; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; "><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: rgb(31, 73, 125); "> </span><o:p></o:p></div></div><div><div style="border-right-style: none; border-bottom-style: none; border-left-style: none; border-width: initial; border-color: initial; border-top-style: solid; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0in; padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; border-width: initial; border-color: initial; "><div style="margin-left: 0.5in; "><div style="margin-top: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0.5in; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; "><b><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif; ">From:</span></b><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif; "> </span></span><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif; ">Tony Hosking [mailto:hosking@cs.purdue.edu]<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><br><b>Sent:</b><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>Monday, January 11, 2010 12:32 PM<br><b>To:</b><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>Randy Coleburn<br><b>Cc:</b><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>m3devel<br><b>Subject:</b><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>Re: [M3devel] the LONGINT proposal</span><o:p></o:p></div></div></div></div><div style="margin-left: 0.5in; "><div style="margin-top: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0.5in; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; "> <o:p></o:p></div></div><div><div style="margin-left: 0.5in; "><div style="margin-top: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0.5in; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; ">Quick summary:<o:p></o:p></div></div></div><div><div style="margin-left: 0.5in; "><div style="margin-top: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0.5in; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; "> <o:p></o:p></div></div></div><div><div style="margin-left: 0.5in; "><div style="margin-top: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0.5in; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; ">I agree, and you seem to be supporting the status quo (other than your discomfort with ORD/VAL) as defined at: <a href="http://www.cs.purdue.edu/homes/hosking/m3/reference/" style="color: blue; text-decoration: underline; ">http://www.cs.purdue.edu/homes/hosking/m3/reference/</a><o:p></o:p></div></div></div><div style="margin-left: 0.5in; "><div style="margin-top: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0.5in; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; "> <o:p></o:p></div></div><div><div><div style="margin-left: 0.5in; "><div style="margin-top: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0.5in; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; ">On 11 Jan 2010, at 01:11, Randy Coleburn wrote:<o:p></o:p></div></div></div><div style="margin-left: 0.5in; "><div style="margin-top: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0.5in; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; "><br><br><br><o:p></o:p></div></div><div><div><div><div style="margin-left: 0.5in; "><div style="margin-top: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0.5in; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; "><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: rgb(31, 73, 125); ">Tony:</span><o:p></o:p></div></div></div><div><div style="margin-left: 0.5in; "><div style="margin-top: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0.5in; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; "><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: rgb(31, 73, 125); "> </span><o:p></o:p></div></div></div><div><div style="margin-left: 0.5in; "><div style="margin-top: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0.5in; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; "><b><i><span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: rgb(31, 73, 125); ">Sorry, I have been too long-winded here. To answer your questions succinctly: </span></i></b><o:p></o:p></div></div></div><div><div style="margin-left: 0.5in; "><div style="margin-top: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0.5in; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; "><b><i><span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: rgb(31, 73, 125); "> </span></i></b><o:p></o:p></div></div></div><div><div style="margin-left: 0.5in; "><div style="margin-top: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0.5in; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; "><b><i><span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: rgb(31, 73, 125); ">1. I can relax on the<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><u>requirement</u><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>for overflow checking, but programmers should never count on it silently wrapping around.</span></i></b><o:p></o:p></div></div></div></div></div><div><div style="margin-left: 0.5in; "><div style="margin-top: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0.5in; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; "> <o:p></o:p></div></div></div><div><div style="margin-left: 0.5in; "><div style="margin-top: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0.5in; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; ">Agreed.<o:p></o:p></div></div></div><div style="margin-left: 0.5in; "><div style="margin-top: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0.5in; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; "><br><br><br><o:p></o:p></div></div><div><div><div><div style="margin-left: 0.5in; "><div style="margin-top: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0.5in; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; "><b><i><span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: rgb(31, 73, 125); "> </span></i></b><o:p></o:p></div></div></div><div><div style="margin-left: 0.5in; "><div style="margin-top: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0.5in; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; "><b><i><span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: rgb(31, 73, 125); ">2. I think checked assignability gets us onto the slippery slope (see below). Using differently named conversion operators would lesson some of the ugliness of ORD/VAL and also prevent confusion with their intended use as enumeration/INTEGER conversions.</span></i></b><o:p></o:p></div></div></div><div><div style="margin-left: 0.5in; "><div style="margin-top: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0.5in; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; "><b><i><span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: rgb(31, 73, 125); "> </span></i></b><o:p></o:p></div></div></div><div><div style="margin-left: 0.5in; "><div style="margin-top: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0.5in; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; "><b><i><span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: rgb(31, 73, 125); ">Read on for the long-winded version…</span></i></b><o:p></o:p></div></div></div><div><div style="margin-left: 0.5in; "><div style="margin-top: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0.5in; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; "><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: rgb(31, 73, 125); "> </span><o:p></o:p></div></div></div><div><div style="margin-left: 0.5in; "><div style="margin-top: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0.5in; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; "><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: rgb(31, 73, 125); ">According to NELSON (SPwM3), ORD and VAL convert between<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><b><u>enumerations</u></b><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>and INTEGERs, and INTEGER is all integers represented by the<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><u>implementation</u>. So, the range of INTEGER is likely different for 8-bit, 16-bit, 32-bit, and 64-bit processors. </span><o:p></o:p></div></div></div><div><div style="margin-left: 0.5in; "><div style="margin-top: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0.5in; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; "><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: rgb(31, 73, 125); "> </span><o:p></o:p></div></div></div><div><div style="margin-left: 0.5in; "><div style="margin-top: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0.5in; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; "><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: rgb(31, 73, 125); ">Today we see 32-bit and 64-bit processors as predominant, but I remember the day when 8-bit and 16-bit were the norm. Someday we may see 128-bit processors as the norm. </span><o:p></o:p></div></div></div><div><div style="margin-left: 0.5in; "><div style="margin-top: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0.5in; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; "><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: rgb(31, 73, 125); "> </span><o:p></o:p></div></div></div><div><div style="margin-left: 0.5in; "><div style="margin-top: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0.5in; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; "><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: rgb(31, 73, 125); ">(I’ve been cleaning up my basement office and ran across a box of 8-inch floppy disks. When I showed them to my daughter she understood the meaning of “floppy” as opposed to the rigid 3.5-inch floppies of today. But, I digress.)</span><o:p></o:p></div></div></div><div><div style="margin-left: 0.5in; "><div style="margin-top: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0.5in; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; "><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: rgb(31, 73, 125); "> </span><o:p></o:p></div></div></div><div><div style="margin-left: 0.5in; "><div style="margin-top: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0.5in; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; "><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: rgb(31, 73, 125); ">On a 64-bit processor, this whole idea of LONGINT as 64-bits then becomes mute since INTEGER will be 64 bits also. But on a 16-bit machine (assuming we had an implementation for one) the native word size would be less than the 32-bits we seem to take for granted now.</span><o:p></o:p></div></div></div><div><div style="margin-left: 0.5in; "><div style="margin-top: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0.5in; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; "><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: rgb(31, 73, 125); "> </span><o:p></o:p></div></div></div><div><div style="margin-left: 0.5in; "><div style="margin-top: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0.5in; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; "><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: rgb(31, 73, 125); ">One problem is that one doesn’t really know the range of LONGINT unless we define it as some number of bits. Rodney’s proposal simply stated that LONGINT was at least as big as INTEGER but could be larger. So, on a 64-bit machine, are LONGINT and INTEGER really the same in terms of implementation?, whereas on a 32-bit the LONGINT would have an additional 32-bits more than INTEGER? What about a 128-bit machine?</span><o:p></o:p></div></div></div></div></div><div><div style="margin-left: 0.5in; "><div style="margin-top: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0.5in; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; "> <o:p></o:p></div></div></div><div><div style="margin-left: 0.5in; "><div style="margin-top: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0.5in; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; ">What's wrong with using FIRST(LONGINT) and LAST(LONGINT) to determine the range? This is currently implemented.<o:p></o:p></div></div></div><div><div style="margin-left: 0.5in; "><div style="margin-top: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0.5in; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; ">On a 64-bit machine the types LONGINT and INTEGER are still distinct in the current implementation, so cannot be assigned, though they do happen to have the same underlying representation.<o:p></o:p></div></div></div><div style="margin-left: 0.5in; "><div style="margin-top: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0.5in; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; "><br><br><br><o:p></o:p></div></div><div><div><div><div style="margin-left: 0.5in; "><div style="margin-top: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0.5in; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; "><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: rgb(31, 73, 125); "> I say all this to point out the obvious, namely that LONGINT and INTEGER are different <b><u>types</u></b>. </span><o:p></o:p></div></div></div></div></div><div><div style="margin-left: 0.5in; "><div style="margin-top: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0.5in; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; "> <o:p></o:p></div></div></div><div><div style="margin-left: 0.5in; "><div style="margin-top: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0.5in; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; ">Correct. The current implementation treats them as completely separate.<o:p></o:p></div></div></div><div style="margin-left: 0.5in; "><div style="margin-top: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0.5in; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; "><br><br><br><o:p></o:p></div></div><div><div><div><div style="margin-left: 0.5in; "><div style="margin-top: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0.5in; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; "><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: rgb(31, 73, 125); "> Therefore, IMO the language must make it clear how these different types interact.</span><o:p></o:p></div></div></div><div><div style="margin-left: 0.5in; "><div style="margin-top: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0.5in; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; "><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: rgb(31, 73, 125); "> </span><o:p></o:p></div></div></div><div><div style="margin-left: 0.5in; "><div style="margin-top: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0.5in; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; "><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: rgb(31, 73, 125); ">I would argue that</span><o:p></o:p></div></div></div><div><div style="margin-left: 0.5in; "><div style="margin-top: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0.5in; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; "><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: rgb(31, 73, 125); "> x: LONGINT := 23;</span><o:p></o:p></div></div></div><div><div style="margin-left: 0.5in; "><div style="margin-top: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0.5in; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; "><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: rgb(31, 73, 125); ">is wrong! The programmer should have to write</span><o:p></o:p></div></div></div><div><div style="margin-left: 0.5in; "><div style="margin-top: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0.5in; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; "><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: rgb(31, 73, 125); "> x: LONGINT := 23L;</span><o:p></o:p></div></div></div><div><div style="margin-left: 0.5in; "><div style="margin-top: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0.5in; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; "><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: rgb(31, 73, 125); ">instead.</span><o:p></o:p></div></div></div></div></div><div><div style="margin-left: 0.5in; "><div style="margin-top: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0.5in; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; "> <o:p></o:p></div></div></div><div><div style="margin-left: 0.5in; "><div style="margin-top: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0.5in; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; ">This is what we currently implement.<o:p></o:p></div></div></div><div style="margin-left: 0.5in; "><div style="margin-top: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0.5in; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; "><br><br><br><o:p></o:p></div></div><div><div><div><div style="margin-left: 0.5in; "><div style="margin-top: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0.5in; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; "><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: rgb(31, 73, 125); "> A subrange of LONGINT would be written as [23L..4200L] and would be a different type than the integer subrange [23..4200] even though the ranges are identical.</span><o:p></o:p></div></div></div></div></div><div><div style="margin-left: 0.5in; "><div style="margin-top: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0.5in; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; "> <o:p></o:p></div></div></div><div><div style="margin-left: 0.5in; "><div style="margin-top: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0.5in; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; ">Also what we currently implement.<o:p></o:p></div></div></div><div style="margin-left: 0.5in; "><div style="margin-top: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0.5in; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; "><br><br><br><o:p></o:p></div></div><div><div><div><div style="margin-left: 0.5in; "><div style="margin-top: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0.5in; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; "><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: rgb(31, 73, 125); "> Likewise, IMO mixed arithmetic with the compiler deciding what to do is wrong. The programmer should have to explicitly write conversions to a common type for arithmetic.</span><o:p></o:p></div></div></div></div></div><div><div style="margin-left: 0.5in; "><div style="margin-top: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0.5in; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; "> <o:p></o:p></div></div></div><div><div style="margin-left: 0.5in; "><div style="margin-top: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0.5in; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; ">I agree, and this is the current implementation.<o:p></o:p></div></div></div><div style="margin-left: 0.5in; "><div style="margin-top: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0.5in; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; "><br><br><br><o:p></o:p></div></div><div><div><div><div style="margin-left: 0.5in; "><div style="margin-top: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0.5in; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; "><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: rgb(31, 73, 125); "> I have no problem with extending the existing operators to deal with LONGINT; it’s just that the result should be LONGINT.</span><o:p></o:p></div></div></div><div><div style="margin-left: 0.5in; "><div style="margin-top: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0.5in; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; "><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: rgb(31, 73, 125); ">Given x: LONGINT := 49L;</span><o:p></o:p></div></div></div><div><div style="margin-left: 0.5in; "><div style="margin-top: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0.5in; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; "><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: rgb(31, 73, 125); "> INC(x) yields 50L</span><o:p></o:p></div></div></div><div><div style="margin-left: 0.5in; "><div style="margin-top: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0.5in; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; "><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: rgb(31, 73, 125); "> INC(x, 3L) yields 52L</span><o:p></o:p></div></div></div><div><div style="margin-left: 0.5in; "><div style="margin-top: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0.5in; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; "><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: rgb(31, 73, 125); "> note that INC(x, 3) would be a syntax error since 3 is an INTEGER and x is a LONGINT</span><o:p></o:p></div></div></div><div><div style="margin-left: 0.5in; "><div style="margin-top: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0.5in; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; "><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: rgb(31, 73, 125); "> (x + 20L) yields 69L</span><o:p></o:p></div></div></div><div><div style="margin-left: 0.5in; "><div style="margin-top: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0.5in; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; "><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: rgb(31, 73, 125); "> note that (x + 20) would be a syntax error since 20 is an INTEGER and x is a LONGINT</span><o:p></o:p></div></div></div><div><div style="margin-left: 0.5in; "><div style="margin-top: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0.5in; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; "><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: rgb(31, 73, 125); "> LAST(LONGINT) yields a LONGINT</span><o:p></o:p></div></div></div></div></div><div><div style="margin-left: 0.5in; "><div style="margin-top: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0.5in; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; "> <o:p></o:p></div></div></div><div><div style="margin-left: 0.5in; "><div style="margin-top: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0.5in; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; ">This is exactly the current implementation.<o:p></o:p></div></div></div><div style="margin-left: 0.5in; "><div style="margin-top: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0.5in; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; "><br><br><br><o:p></o:p></div></div><div><div><div><div style="margin-left: 0.5in; "><div style="margin-top: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0.5in; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; "><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: rgb(31, 73, 125); "> Now that I think about it more, I have a problem using ORD/VAL for the conversion since NELSON defines these as converting between <b><u>enumerations</u></b> and INTEGERs, and since LONGINT is a different type than INTEGER and quite possibly has a greater range than INTEGER. Is the proposal to also allow enumerations to use the range of LONGINT ? Enumerations currently are defined as having a range no greater than INTEGER. To extend them to LONGINT would lose the obvious performance benefits of keeping them same range as native INTEGER.</span><o:p></o:p></div></div></div></div></div><div><div style="margin-left: 0.5in; "><div style="margin-top: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0.5in; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; "> <o:p></o:p></div></div></div><div><div style="margin-left: 0.5in; "><div style="margin-top: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0.5in; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; ">I'm not sure that the current implementation conflicts with the definition of ORD/VAL. What we currently permit is ORD(LONGINT) to do a *checked* conversion of a LONGINT to an INTEGER. The optional type parameter of VAL can be LONGINT, which permits conversion of INTEGER to LONGINT. I don't see how these conflict with the intention of ORD/VAL. You can see the language spec for what is currently implemented at:<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.cs.purdue.edu/~hosking/m3/reference/" style="color: blue; text-decoration: underline; ">http://www.cs.purdue.edu/~hosking/m3/reference/</a>.<o:p></o:p></div></div></div><div style="margin-left: 0.5in; "><div style="margin-top: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0.5in; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; "><br><br><br><o:p></o:p></div></div><div><div><div><div style="margin-left: 0.5in; "><div style="margin-top: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0.5in; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; "><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: rgb(31, 73, 125); "> Maybe we should invent new names for the conversions between INTEGER and LONGINT. Perhaps PROMOTE and DEMOTE or some such. These are probably bad names, but I use them below simply to illustrate (feel free to come up with better names):</span><o:p></o:p></div></div></div><div><div style="margin-left: 0.5in; "><div style="margin-top: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0.5in; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; "><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: rgb(31, 73, 125); "> Given longInt: LONGINT; and int: INTEGER;</span><o:p></o:p></div></div></div><div><div style="margin-left: 0.5in; "><div style="margin-top: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0.5in; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; "><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: rgb(31, 73, 125); "> int := DEMOTE(longInt); would perform the conversion from LONGINT to INTEGER and would give a runtime range check error if longInt is too big/small to fit in an INTEGER.</span><o:p></o:p></div></div></div><div><div style="margin-left: 0.5in; "><div style="margin-top: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0.5in; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; "><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: rgb(31, 73, 125); "> longInt := PROMOTE(int) would always succeed in performing the conversion from INTEGER to LONGINT but would make the conversion explicit</span><o:p></o:p></div></div></div><div><div style="margin-left: 0.5in; "><div style="margin-top: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0.5in; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; "><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: rgb(31, 73, 125); "> int + DEMOTE(longInt) would yield an INTEGER result with all arithmetic being done in the range of INTEGER</span><o:p></o:p></div></div></div><div><div style="margin-left: 0.5in; "><div style="margin-top: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0.5in; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; "><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: rgb(31, 73, 125); "> longInt + PROMOTE(int) would yield a LONGINT result with all arithmetic being done in the range of LONGINT</span><o:p></o:p></div></div></div></div></div><div><div style="margin-left: 0.5in; "><div style="margin-top: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0.5in; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; "> <o:p></o:p></div></div></div><div><div style="margin-left: 0.5in; "><div style="margin-top: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0.5in; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; ">I think ORD/VAL suffice...<o:p></o:p></div></div></div><div style="margin-left: 0.5in; "><div style="margin-top: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0.5in; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; "><br><br><br><o:p></o:p></div></div><div><div><div><div style="margin-left: 0.5in; "><div style="margin-top: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0.5in; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; "><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: rgb(31, 73, 125); "> Now if we were to allow checked assignability (as Tony is leaning toward), I think we begin to get on the slippery slope. How far do we extend this to the point that it is not clear in the expression of the code what is happening? If I can write “int := longInt;” why not “int := 23L;” and why not “int := longInt + 57;” and is this different than “int := longInt + 57L;”? etc. etc.</span><o:p></o:p></div></div></div><div><div style="margin-left: 0.5in; "><div style="margin-top: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0.5in; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; "><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: rgb(31, 73, 125); "> </span><o:p></o:p></div></div></div><div><div style="margin-left: 0.5in; "><div style="margin-top: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0.5in; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; "><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: rgb(31, 73, 125); ">I agree the ORD/VAL syntax is ugly, so that is another reason (besides them applying to enumerations only) we should use different names for the INTEGER/LONGINT conversions.</span><o:p></o:p></div></div></div><div><div style="margin-left: 0.5in; "><div style="margin-top: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0.5in; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; "><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: rgb(31, 73, 125); "> </span><o:p></o:p></div></div></div><div><div style="margin-left: 0.5in; "><div style="margin-top: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0.5in; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; "><b><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: rgb(31, 73, 125); ">Sorry, I have been too long-winded here. To answer your questions succinctly: </span></b><o:p></o:p></div></div></div><div><div style="margin-left: 0.5in; "><div style="margin-top: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0.5in; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; "><b><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: rgb(31, 73, 125); "> </span></b><o:p></o:p></div></div></div><div><div style="margin-left: 0.5in; "><div style="margin-top: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0.5in; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; "><b><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: rgb(31, 73, 125); ">1. I can relax on the<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><u>requirement</u><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>for overflow checking, but programmers should never count on it silently wrapping around.</span></b><o:p></o:p></div></div></div><div><div style="margin-left: 0.5in; "><div style="margin-top: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0.5in; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; "><b><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: rgb(31, 73, 125); "> </span></b><o:p></o:p></div></div></div><div><div style="margin-left: 0.5in; "><div style="margin-top: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0.5in; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; "><b><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: rgb(31, 73, 125); ">2. I think checked assignability gets us onto the slippery slope. Using differently named conversion operators would lesson some of the ugliness of ORD/VAL and also prevent confusion with their intended use as enumeration/INTEGER conversions.</span></b><o:p></o:p></div></div></div><div><div style="margin-left: 0.5in; "><div style="margin-top: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0.5in; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; "><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: rgb(31, 73, 125); "> </span><o:p></o:p></div></div></div><div><div style="margin-left: 0.5in; "><div style="margin-top: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0.5in; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; "><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: rgb(31, 73, 125); ">Regards,</span><o:p></o:p></div></div></div><div><div style="margin-left: 0.5in; "><div style="margin-top: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0.5in; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; "><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: rgb(31, 73, 125); ">Randy Coleburn</span><o:p></o:p></div></div></div><div><div style="margin-left: 0.5in; "><div style="margin-top: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0.5in; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; "><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: rgb(31, 73, 125); "> </span><o:p></o:p></div></div></div><div><div style="border-right-style: none; border-bottom-style: none; border-left-style: none; border-width: initial; border-color: initial; border-top-style: solid; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0in; padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; border-width: initial; border-color: initial; border-width: initial; border-color: initial; "><div style="margin-left: 0.5in; "><div style="margin-left: 0.5in; "><div style="margin-top: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0.5in; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; "><b><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif; ">From:</span></b><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif; "> </span></span><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif; ">Tony Hosking [mailto:hosking@cs.purdue.edu]<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><br><b>Sent:</b><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>Sunday, January 10, 2010 3:43 PM<br><b>To:</b><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>Randy Coleburn<br><b>Cc:</b><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>m3devel<br><b>Subject:</b><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>Re: [M3devel] the LONGINT proposal</span><o:p></o:p></div></div></div></div></div><div style="margin-left: 0.5in; "><div style="margin-left: 0.5in; "><div style="margin-top: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0.5in; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; "> <o:p></o:p></div></div></div><div><div style="margin-left: 0.5in; "><div style="margin-left: 0.5in; "><div style="margin-top: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0.5in; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; ">Hi Randy,<o:p></o:p></div></div></div></div><div><div style="margin-left: 0.5in; "><div style="margin-left: 0.5in; "><div style="margin-top: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0.5in; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; "> <o:p></o:p></div></div></div></div><div><div style="margin-left: 0.5in; "><div style="margin-left: 0.5in; "><div style="margin-top: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0.5in; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; ">As someone who has actually written Modula-3 programs for a living your opinions are always highly valued. I agree with you in principle and aims, except for requiring overflow to be a checked run-time error. The language definition already has a mechanism for handling this in the require FloatMode interface. It is not something that the compiler should be involved in. I also just now raised a question about perhaps having integer literals adapt their type to the context in which they are used.<o:p></o:p></div></div></div></div><div><div style="margin-left: 0.5in; "><div style="margin-left: 0.5in; "><div style="margin-top: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0.5in; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; "> <o:p></o:p></div></div></div></div><div><div style="margin-left: 0.5in; "><div style="margin-left: 0.5in; "><div style="margin-top: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0.5in; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; ">I should point out that the current mainline implementation does exactly what you propose (except overflow checking). It captures the fundamental spirit of Rodney's proposal but does not permit mixed arithmetic or assignment. Can I ask what your issue is w.r.to checked assignability? I am still leaning in favor. It is not much different from assignment from an INTEGER to a subrange, which requires no explicit check, though of course there is a run-time range check. Having programmers explicitly write:<o:p></o:p></div></div></div></div><div><div style="margin-left: 0.5in; "><div style="margin-left: 0.5in; "><div style="margin-top: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0.5in; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; "> <o:p></o:p></div></div></div></div><div><div style="margin-left: 0.5in; "><div style="margin-left: 0.5in; "><div style="margin-top: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0.5in; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; "><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Courier; ">x: INTEGER := ORD(longint, INTEGER);</span></span><o:p></o:p></div></div></div></div><div><div style="margin-left: 0.5in; "><div style="margin-left: 0.5in; "><div style="margin-top: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0.5in; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; "> <o:p></o:p></div></div></div></div><div><div style="margin-left: 0.5in; "><div style="margin-left: 0.5in; "><div style="margin-top: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0.5in; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; ">seems unnecessary when they could just write<o:p></o:p></div></div></div></div><div><div style="margin-left: 0.5in; "><div style="margin-left: 0.5in; "><div style="margin-top: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0.5in; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; "> <o:p></o:p></div></div></div></div><div><div style="margin-left: 0.5in; "><div style="margin-left: 0.5in; "><div style="margin-top: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0.5in; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; "><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Courier; ">x: INTEGER := longint;</span></span><o:p></o:p></div></div></div></div><div><div style="margin-left: 0.5in; "><div style="margin-left: 0.5in; "><div style="margin-top: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0.5in; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; "> <o:p></o:p></div></div></div></div><div><div><div><div style="margin-left: 0.5in; "><div style="margin-left: 0.5in; "><div style="margin-top: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0.5in; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; "><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-size: 13.5pt; font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif; color: black; ">This is similar in spirit to:</span></span><o:p></o:p></div></div></div></div></div></div><div><div style="margin-left: 0.5in; "><div style="margin-left: 0.5in; "><div style="margin-top: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0.5in; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; "> <o:p></o:p></div></div></div></div><div><div style="margin-left: 0.5in; "><div style="margin-left: 0.5in; "><div style="margin-top: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0.5in; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; "><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Courier; ">x: [lo..hi] := integer;</span></span><o:p></o:p></div></div></div></div><div><div style="margin-left: 0.5in; "><div style="margin-left: 0.5in; "><div style="margin-top: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0.5in; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; "> <o:p></o:p></div></div></div></div><div><div style="margin-left: 0.5in; "><div style="margin-left: 0.5in; "><div style="margin-top: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0.5in; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; "> <o:p></o:p></div></div></div></div><div><div><div style="margin-left: 0.5in; "><div style="margin-left: 0.5in; "><div style="margin-top: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0.5in; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; ">On 10 Jan 2010, at 15:00, Randy Coleburn wrote:<o:p></o:p></div></div></div></div><div style="margin-left: 0.5in; "><div style="margin-left: 0.5in; "><div style="margin-top: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0.5in; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; "><br><br><br><br><o:p></o:p></div></div></div><div><div style="margin-left: 0.5in; "><div style="margin-left: 0.5in; "><div style="margin-top: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0.5in; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; ">I've been trying to follow along on this topic.<br><br>Here are my thoughts:<br><br>1. LONGINT should be a distinct type different from INTEGER.<br><br>2. There should be no mixed arithmetic between the types. The programmer must code conversions using ORD/VAL to make explicit the intention. Don't rely on some ill-remembered built-in conversion rule.<br><br>3. Overflow should be a checked run-time error, not silently wrapped around.<br><br>4. WRT assignability, I think explicit conversions should be used.<br><br>These statements may make me unpopular with some who don't like to type much, but I've always hated the tradeoff of understandability for brevity in expression.<br><br>The important thing is not how fast we can type up a program, it is rather how hard is it to make a mistake. I think the spirit of Modula-3 is that the language makes you a better programmer by forcing you to make your intentions explicit rather than relying on the compiler to infer your intentions. We need correct and maintainable software, especially at the systems level. Whatever is decided about LONGINT, we need to keep to the original design tenants of the language. <br><br>And yes, I do think we need a LONGINT type, not just to deal with large file sizes.<br><br>But even for long-lived readers/writers, whatever type you choose for the index will eventually be insufficient, so you have to code for the possibility that the range of the long lived reader/writer exceeds the range of your index type. That is just good programming.<br><br>I think sometimes that the new generation of programmers has been warped by what I call the "Microsoft Mentality" where you must expect that you need to reboot/restart every so often to maintain proper performance. Programs should be written to run forever or until their job is completed or they are commanded to stop. <br><br>As "we" begin to converge on the design changes, I like having something concrete to look at, ala Rodney's proposal. Can we take that and keep tweaking it in these emails until we reach a final version acceptable to all? To me this keeps the discussion focused rather than the many different emails. Thus, what I am trying to say is put forth a numbered proposal and each subsequent email must show adjustment to that proposal rather than just a bunch of emails discussing various aspects. Perhaps we should vote on each proposed change, then decide to call a final vote on the whole thing. Who should be involved in such votes? Right now the main persons on the thread are Tony, Jay, Rodney, Mika, Hendrik, Olaf, John, and me.<br><br>My two cents.<br><br>Regards,<br>Randy Coleburn<o:p></o:p></div></div></div></div></div><div style="margin-left: 0.5in; "><div style="margin-left: 0.5in; "><div style="margin-top: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0.5in; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; "> <o:p></o:p></div></div></div></div></div></div><div style="margin-left: 0.5in; "><div style="margin-top: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0.5in; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; "> <o:p></o:p></div></div></div></div></div><div style="margin-top: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0.5in; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; "><o:p> </o:p></div></div></div></span></blockquote></div><br></body></html>